Glossary

White Dwarf

A white dwarf is the dense, Earth-sized ember left when a star like the Sun exhausts its fuel and sheds its outer layers. It no longer fuses elements and shines only from leftover heat, slowly cooling over billions of years. Held up against gravity by quantum pressure, a white dwarf cannot exceed about 1.4 solar masses, the Chandrasekhar limit, beyond which it would collapse or explode. As they cool, their carbon-oxygen interiors crystallize.

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